This focused two-session side event will serve as a continental milestone in strengthening Africa’s integrated R&D and manufacturing ecosystem. By examining Mpox research priorities and extracting practical lessons from technology transfer experiences—including both challenges and successes—Africa CDC will demonstrate the critical importance of seamless R&D-manufacturing linkages. The real-world case studies of Mpox vaccine technology transfer challenges and OCV vaccine progress at Biovac will provide actionable insights for building a truly African-led, sustainable health innovation ecosystem, ensuring that research translates effectively into locally manufactured health products serving African populations.